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分子式：HClO4
分子量：100.46
性質(zhì)：是無色吸濕的發(fā)煙液體，極不穩(wěn)定，會(huì)自發(fā)爆炸分解，故市售的只是60-70%，水溶液。比重1.768(22/4°C)。熔點(diǎn)-112°C。沸點(diǎn)16°C(18毫米)。是一種腐蝕性強(qiáng)酸和強(qiáng)氧化劑。與可燃物，如炭、紙、木屑等接觸會(huì)引起爆燃。高氯酸與鐵、銅、鋅等劇烈反應(yīng)生成氧化物，與P2O5反應(yīng)生成Cl2O7。還能將元素磷和硫分別氧化成磷酸和硫酸。受熱分解成二氧化氯，水和氧，且發(fā)生爆炸。腐蝕皮膚和粘膜。
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